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There are three rules regarding the Meem Saakin
1. Ikhfa Shafawi
2. Idghaam Shafawi
3. Ithaar Shafawi

These will now be explained below

1. Ikhfa Shafawi – Meem Saakin
When the letter Ba (ب) appears after a Meem Saakin (مْ) there will be Ikhfa Shafawi. It will be pronounced with a light nasal sound in the nose for a duration of 2 harakah (2-3 second duration).

Example:

بمْ
 
أَفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَم بِهِۦ جِنَّةٌۢ

2. Idghaam Shafawi – Meem Saakin
If after a Meem Saakin (مْ) there appears a Meem Mushaddah (مّ), Idghaam will occur. In other words, the two Meems will become incorporated and be read with Ghunna (nasalization).

Example:

مّمْ
 
وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ ٱلْبَنَٰتِ سُبْحَٰنَهُۥ ۙ وَلَهُم مَّا يَشْتَهُونَ

3. Ithaar Shafawi – Meem Saakin
When after a Meem Saakin (مْ) there appears any of the 26 letters other than the letters Ba and Meem, there will be Ithaar Shafawi. No Ghunna will occur.

Example:

24 Lettersمْ
 
وَكَذَّبَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ وَمَا بَلَغُوا۟ مِعْشَارَ مَآ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوا۟ رُسُلِى

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